1.cellular diamine levels in cancer chemoprevention: modulation by ibuprofen and membrane plasmalogens
2.Fish polar lipids retard atherosclerosis in rabbits by down-regulating PAF
biosynthesis and up-regulating PAF catabolism
3. probucal alleviates atherosclerosis and improves high density lipoprotein function
4.Low incidence of paradoxical reductions in HDL-C levels in dyslipidemic
patients treated with fenofibrate alone or in combination with ezetimibe or
ezetimibe/simvastatin
5. Liver uptake of gold nanoparticles after intraperitoneal administration in vivo:
A fluorescence study
POLATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE AND DURATION OF ALCOHOLISM
BY EXPLOITING MDRD vs. CG TECHNIQUES by Aravind. A, II yr MBBS, Dr. P. K. Mohanty, M.D,Dept. of Biochemistry
Vinayaka Mission Medical College & Hospital, (V.M.M.C. & H), Karaikal
SUMMARY:
The study was conducted on 95 alcoholics who were taken as cases and 44 non-alcoholics who were taken as controls. The objective behind the study was to find Glomerular filtration rate in alcoholics based on CG (Cockcroft and Gault equation) and MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) equations with respect to duration of their alcoholism. In this case-control study we have found that Glomerular filtration rate was consistently decreasing with increasing in duration of alcoholism according to CG GFR but MDRD equation was found to be not suitable for estimation of GFR in alcoholics under study based on their duration of alcoholism.
The mean CG GFR was showing a gradual decrease as the duration of Alcoholism increases:
TABLE: – Summary showing variation of CG GFR with respect to duration of alcoholism. Those taking alcohol for a period <10 years, the mean CG GFR was 94.787±44.531
Those taking alcohol for a period 11-20 years, the mean CG GFR was 85.260±35.075
Those taking alcohol for a period 21-30years, the mean CG GFR was 85.324±30.585
Those taking alcohol for a period >30 years, the mean CG GFR was 76.930±30.588
The non-alcoholic control showed mean CG GFR of 90.964±38.403
Thus the study concludes the the estimated GFR from CG equation shows consistent decrease as the duration of alcohol increases.
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Salmonella Typhimurium Infections Associated with Peanut Products
Elizabeth Cavallaro, M.D., M.P.H., Kashmira Date, M.D., M.P.H., Carlota Medus, Ph.D., M.P.H., Stephanie Meyer, M.P.H., Benjamin Miller, M.P.H., Clara Kim, Ph.D., Scott Nowicki, M.P.H., Shaun Cosgrove, B.S., David Sweat, M.P.H., Quyen Phan, M.P.H., James Flint, M.P.H., Elizabeth R. Daly, M.P.H., Jennifer Adams, B.S., Eija Hyytia-Trees, Ph.D., D.V.M., Peter Gerner-Smidt, M.D., D.M.S., Robert M. Hoekstra, Ph.D., Colin Schwensohn, M.P.H., Adam Langer, D.V.M., M.P.H., Samir V. Sodha, M.D., M.P.H., Michael C. Rogers, M.S., Frederick J. Angulo, D.V.M., Ph.D., Robert V. Tauxe, M.D., M.P.H., Ian T. Williams, Ph.D., and Casey Barton Behravesh, D.V.M., Dr.P.H. for the Salmonella Typhimurium Outbreak Investigation Team
Contaminated food ingredients can affect multiple products, each distributed through various channels and consumed in multiple settings. Beginning in November 2008, we investigated a nationwide outbreak of salmonella infections.
Methods
A case was defined as laboratory-confirmed infection with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Typhimurium occurring between September 1, 2008, and April 20, 2009. We conducted two case–control studies, product “trace-back,” and environmental investigations.
Results
Among 714 case patients identified in 46 states, 166 (23%) were hospitalized and 9 (1%) died. In study 1, illness was associated with eating any peanut butter (matched odds ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 5.3), peanut butter–containing products (matched odds ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1 to 4.7), and frozen chicken products (matched odds ratio, 4.6; 95% CI, 1.7 to 14.7). Investigations of focal clusters and single cases associated with nine institutions identified a single institutional brand of peanut butter (here called brand X) distributed to all facilities. In study 2, illness was associated with eating peanut butter outside the home (matched odds ratio, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.6 to 10.0) and two brands of peanut butter crackers (brand A: matched odds ratio, 17.2; 95% CI, 6.9 to 51.5; brand B: matched odds ratio, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 9.8). Both cracker brands were made from brand X peanut paste. The outbreak strain was isolated from brand X peanut butter, brand A crackers, and 15 other products. A total of 3918 peanut butter–containing products were recalled between January 10 and April 29, 2009.
Conclusions
Contaminated peanut butter and peanut products caused a nationwide salmonellosis outbreak. Ingredient-driven outbreaks are challenging to detect and may lead to widespread contamination of numerous food products. Disclosure forms provided by the authors are available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
